Nano Flourescent Particle - Overview

NFP (Nano Fluorescent Particle) is a nanoparticle which has a magnetic & fluorescent properties at the same time. It has a ferrite magnetic core and it is coated with a stable sillica shell to avoid potentia ltoxic effects on cells. This sillica shell contains luminescent organic dyes such as rhodamine Bisothiocyante (RITC, orange color) or fluorescent isothiocyanate (FITC, green color) on the inside of thesilica shell. Also, the silica shell can be easily fabricated with various desired organo-silicon compounds. Thus, the magnetic and fluorescence properties enable dual detection of the silica-coated core-shellnanoparticles.

The additional advantage provided by the incorporation of a fluorescent dye into the silicashell is the significant increase in photochemical stability, resulting in minimal photobleaching even aftermultiple exposures, which is currently a topic of great importance among researchers using confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM).

It was also reported that the organic dye encapsulated in the silica core-shell architecture results in increased fluorescence intensity due to "caging effects". Therefore, fluorescence hybrid core-shell is an attractive candidate for various biomedical applications. NFP remains stable in physiological buffers for long periods of time. By various surface modification of sillica shell, it represents different kinds of functional groups for various applications such as drug or gene delivery, specific targeting, antibody conjugation and so on.

Specifications

Magnetic and fluorescent substances

The core of NFP is made up of nano-particles that are made from heavy metals of magnetic nature called ferrite. It is coated with silica (SiO2, the compound approved by F.D.A., U.S.A. in its safety) and organic fluorescent materials which are included in the inner part of silica so as to include both magnetic and optical features (Red color: RITC 543/554nm, Green color: FITC 492/518nm).

Size of NFP

The size of NFP is variable from 15nm to 200nm depending on the thickness of the sillica shell, and the crystallinity and magnetic properties of the core material does not change upon coating with silica.

Monitoring of the cell movement

Incorporation of the fluorescent dyes into the nanoparticles enabled us to monitor the movement of cells doped with magnetic nanoparticles under an external magnetic field by optical microscopy.

Non-toxicity & Safety

Nanoparticles have been coated with a shell of stable and biocompatible material such as silica (SiO2) to avoid potential toxic effects of ferrite on cells, so it doesn’t reveal their toxicity in vitro and in vivo test. Also, the sillica is stable at the strong basic and acidic conditions, so the internal magnetic & fluorescent properties remain stable. It is available to use to get an in vivo imaging by MRI detection.

Photostability & High signal

Incorporation of a fluorescent dye into the silica shell is the significant increase in photochemical stability, resulting in minimal photobleaching even after multiple exposures.

Gene or drug delivery carrier

Positive charged nanoparticles are possible to apply as gene or drug delivery carrier. And it can overcome carrier on a commercial scale limitation in safety, and efficiency. A uniform ionic surface of the nanoparticle shows more than 95% transfection efficiency.

Various Applications by various surface treatment

In order to various applications such as drug or gene delivery, specific targeting, western blotting, in situ or immunohistochemistry and so on, the nanoparticle surface is fabricated with a various functional groups as follows.

• Silanol group (Si-OH) : A basic structure for staining
• PTMA : For water-based biological applications (ex. gene delivery carrier..)
• PEG/NH2 dual modified group : For in vitro & in vivo biocompatibility and immobilization of
  biomolecules (easy acylation with any appropriate carboxylic acid-containing linkers)
• Active ester : For Antibody conjugation

Stem Cell Research

NFP is easily uptaken by stem cells and remains within the cell, so it helps to distinguish stem cells from others as well as continuous image monitoring of stem cells.

Applications

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